Implementation of two-phase flow models for recycled materials in embankments

Recycled materials like Bauxite Residue (Red Mud) and Fly Ash are prevalent in recent feasibility studies on reused geotechnical engineering applications. Red Mud is a mining waste from aluminum manufacturing, by-product of coal combustion power plants. Nevertheless, to fully reveal the using those for constructing above-ground earth structures, better understanding their unsaturated performance geo-structure essential. While some popular empirical models (e.g., van Genuchten 1980) Soil Water Retention Curves (SWRC) commonly used describe soils' conditions, may not apply unique Ash. Recently, SWRC curves both were acquired through Steady-State Centrifuge (SSC) Unsaturated Flow Apparatus (UFA) procedure at Cal State LA. The experimental data develop analytical following model. Using finite-difference software (FLAC) obtained curves, this study performed numerical simulations embankments filled with Mud, comparing it an embankment typical silty soil same dimensions conditions. Results showed seepage flow rates higher when as fill material embankments.